How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air, sentence 0
A plant is a food factory: in its green leaves it takes light from the Sun, water from the ground and carbon dioxide from the air, and turns them into sugar, giving out oxygen as it works; this is called photosynthesis.
Who acts: plant, it · What happens: be, take, turn, give out, work, call · To what, where: food factory, light, Sun, water, sugar, oxygen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plant, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 plant | det |
| 2 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 factory | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 factory | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 factory | det |
| 5 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 factory | compound |
| 6 | factory | factory | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 leaves | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 leaves | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 10 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 leaves | amod |
| 11 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 factory | appos |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 takes | nsubj |
| 13 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 leaves | acl:relcl |
| 14 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 takes | obj |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 Sun | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Sun | det |
| 17 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 takes | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 water | punct |
| 19 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 leaves | conj |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 ground | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 ground | det |
| 22 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 water | nmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 dioxide | cc |
| 24 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 dioxide | compound |
| 25 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 water | conj |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 air | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 air | det |
| 28 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 dioxide | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 turns | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 turns | cc |
| 31 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 takes | conj |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 turns | obj |
| 33 | into | into | ADP | _ | 34 sugar | case |
| 34 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 turns | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 giving | punct |
| 36 | giving | give | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 turns | advcl |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 36 giving | compound:prt |
| 38 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 giving | obj |
| 39 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 41 works | mark |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 works | nsubj |
| 41 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 giving | advcl |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 called | punct |
| 43 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 45 called | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 called | aux:pass |
| 45 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 factory | parataxis |
| 46 | photosynthesis | photosynthesis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 called | xcomp |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 factory | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a plant | a food factory | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | present | it | light | the Sun | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent light=Theme from sun=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | turn | present | water | sugar | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme into sugar=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | give out | gerund | oxygen | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme | |||||
| 5 | work | present | plant | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | call | present · passive | this | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:056-how-plants-grow.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/56-how-plants-grow/0/