Sleep and hibernation, sentence 18
African lungfish survive the dry season sealed in slime in dried mud, breathing air, sometimes for years; this summer sleep is aestivation.
Who acts: African lungfish, summer sleep · What happens: survive, seal, breathe, be · To what, where: dry season, slime, air, aestivation
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African lungfish, summer sleep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 lungfish | amod |
| 2 | lungfish | lungfish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 survive | nsubj |
| 3 | survive | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 season | det |
| 5 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 season | amod |
| 6 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 survive | obj |
| 7 | sealed | seal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 season | acl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 slime | case |
| 9 | slime | slime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sealed | obl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 mud | case |
| 11 | dried | dried | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 mud | amod |
| 12 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sealed | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 breathing | punct |
| 14 | breathing | breathe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 sealed | conj |
| 15 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 breathing | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 years | punct |
| 17 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 19 years | advmod |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 years | case |
| 19 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 breathing | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 aestivation | punct |
| 21 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 23 sleep | det |
| 22 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sleep | compound |
| 23 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 aestivation | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 aestivation | cop |
| 25 | aestivation | aestivation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 survive | parataxis |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 survive | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | survive | present | African lungfish | season | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | seal | participle | the dry season not said here | slime | in dried mud | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||
| 3 | breathe | gerund | air | year | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | this summer sleep | aestivation | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/18/