How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air, sentence 11
Water inside plant cells pushes outwards and keeps stems firm, like air in a balloon; without enough water the plant wilts.
Who acts: Water, plant · What happens: push, keep, wilt · To what, where: stems
This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water, plant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pushes | nsubj |
| 2 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 4 cells | case |
| 3 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cells | compound |
| 4 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Water | nmod |
| 5 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | outwards | outward | ADV | _ | 5 pushes | advmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 keeps | cc |
| 8 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 pushes | conj |
| 9 | stems | stem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 keeps | obj |
| 10 | firm | firm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 keeps | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 pushes | punct |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 air | case |
| 13 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pushes | obl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 balloon | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 balloon | det |
| 16 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 air | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 wilts | punct |
| 18 | without | without | ADP | _ | 20 water | case |
| 19 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 water | amod |
| 20 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 wilts | obl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 plant | det |
| 22 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 wilts | nsubj |
| 23 | wilts | wilt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 pushes | parataxis |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 pushes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | push | present | Water inside plant cells | like air in a balloon; outward property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | keep | present | Water inside plant cells not said here | stems | firm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stem=Theme | |||
| 3 | wilt | present | the plant | without enough water | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:056-how-plants-grow.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/56-how-plants-grow/11/