How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air, sentence 6
A seed carries its own food store, so it can grow before it has leaves; roots grow down and shoots up whichever way the seed lies, because they sense gravity.
Who acts: seed, roots, leaves · What happens: carry, grow, have, grow down, shoot up, lie · To what, where: own food store, leaves, way, gravity
This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (seed, roots, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 seed | det |
| 2 | seed | seed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carries | nsubj |
| 3 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 store | nmod:poss |
| 5 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 store | amod |
| 6 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 store | compound |
| 7 | store | store | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carries | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 grow | punct |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 grow | advmod |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 grow | nsubj |
| 11 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 grow | aux |
| 12 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 carries | conj |
| 13 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 15 has | mark |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 has | nsubj |
| 15 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 grow | advcl |
| 16 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 has | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 grow | punct |
| 18 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 grow | nsubj |
| 19 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carries | parataxis |
| 20 | down | down | ADP | _ | 19 grow | compound:prt |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 shoots | cc |
| 22 | shoots | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 grow | conj |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 22 shoots | compound:prt |
| 24 | whichever | whichever | DET | PronType=Rel | 25 way | det |
| 25 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shoots | obj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 seed | det |
| 27 | seed | seed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 lies | nsubj |
| 28 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 way | acl:relcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 sense | punct |
| 30 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 32 sense | mark |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 sense | nsubj |
| 32 | sense | sense | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carries | conj |
| 33 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 sense | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 carries | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | present | a seed | seed's own food store | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent store=Theme | ||||
| 2 | grow | can | seed | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | have | present | seed | leaves | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | ||||
| 4 | grow down | present | roots | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | shoot up | present | roots not said here | whichever way | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient | ||||
| 6 | lie | present | the seed | whichever way not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme | ||||
| 7 | sense | present | leaves = leaf | gravity | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer gravity=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:056-how-plants-grow.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/56-how-plants-grow/6/