How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air, sentence 7

Shoots bend towards light because cells on the shady side grow longer; plants grown in the dark become tall, pale and weak, stretching to look for light and staying pale because they cannot make green chlorophyll without it.

Who acts: Shoots, cells, plants · What happens: bend, grow, become, stretch, look, stay · To what, where: light, plants, dark, green chlorophyll

This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shoots, cells, plants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shoots	shoot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bend	nsubj
2	bend	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	towards	towards	ADP	_	4 light	case
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bend	obl
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 grow	mark
6	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 grow	nsubj
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 side	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 side	det
9	shady	shady	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 side	amod
10	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cells	nmod
11	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bend	advcl
12	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 grow	advmod
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	2 bend	punct
14	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 become	nsubj
15	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 plants	acl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 dark	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 dark	det
18	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 grown	obl
19	become	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bend	parataxis
20	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 become	xcomp
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 pale	punct
22	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 tall	conj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 weak	cc
24	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 tall	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 stretching	punct
26	stretching	stretch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 become	advcl
27	to	to	PART	_	28 look	mark
28	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 stretching	advcl
29	for	for	ADP	_	30 light	case
30	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 look	obl
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 staying	cc
32	staying	stay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 stretching	conj
33	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 staying	xcomp
34	because	because	SCONJ	_	38 make	mark
35	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 make	nsubj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 make	aux
37	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	38 make	advmod
38	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 staying	advcl
39	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 chlorophyll	amod
40	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 make	obj
41	without	without	ADP	_	42 it	case
42	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 make	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 bend	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	bend	present	Shoots		light		vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards light=Location
2	grow	present	cells on the shady side			long property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	grow	participle		plants not said here	the dark		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location
4	become	present	plants			tall property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
5	stretch	gerund	plants not said here				vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	look	to-infinitive	plants not said here			for light	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for light=Theme
7	stay	gerund	plants not said here			pale property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	not make	can	cells = cell	green chlorophyll		without shoot	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset chlorophyll=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:056-how-plants-grow.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/56-how-plants-grow/7/