How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air, sentence 9
Almost all the oxygen we breathe was made by plants and tiny algae in the sea.
Who acts: we, plants · What happens: breathe, make · To what, where: oxygen
This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, plants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Almost | almost | ADV | _ | 2 all | advmod |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 oxygen | det:predet |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 oxygen | det |
| 4 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 breathe | nsubj |
| 6 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 oxygen | acl:relcl |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 made | aux:pass |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 plants | case |
| 10 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 made | obl:agent |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 algae | cc |
| 12 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 algae | amod |
| 13 | algae | alga | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 plants | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 sea | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 sea | det |
| 16 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 plants | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | present | we | all oxygen not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | past · passive | plants in the sea and tiny algae | all oxygen | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:056-how-plants-grow.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/56-how-plants-grow/9/