Roots, stems and leaves, sentence 6

Roots are covered with tiny root hairs, each a single long cell, which give a much bigger surface to soak up water and minerals; one rye plant was measured with about 600 km of roots, not even counting the root hairs.

Who acts: single long cell · What happens: cover, give, soak up, measure, not count · To what, where: Roots, bigger surface, water, one rye plant, root hairs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Roots, stems and leaves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (single long cell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 covered	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 covered	aux:pass
3	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 hairs	case
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hairs	amod
6	root	root	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hairs	compound
7	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 covered	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 cell	punct
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	13 cell	det
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 cell	det
11	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 cell	amod
12	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 cell	amod
13	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hairs	appos
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 give	punct
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 give	nsubj
16	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 cell	acl:relcl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 surface	det
18	much	much	ADV	_	19 bigger	advmod
19	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 surface	amod
20	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 give	obj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 soak	mark
22	soak	soak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 surface	acl
23	up	up	ADP	_	22 soak	compound:prt
24	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 soak	obj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 minerals	cc
26	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 water	conj
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 measured	punct
28	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 plant	nummod
29	rye	rye	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 plant	compound
30	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 measured	nsubj:pass
31	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 measured	aux:pass
32	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 covered	parataxis
33	with	with	ADP	_	36 km	case
34	about	about	ADV	_	35 600	advmod
35	600	600	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	36 km	nummod
36	km	km	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 measured	obl
37	of	of	ADP	_	38 roots	case
38	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 km	nmod
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 counting	punct
40	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	42 counting	advmod
41	even	even	ADV	_	42 counting	advmod
42	counting	count	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	32 measured	advcl
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 hairs	det
44	root	root	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 hairs	compound
45	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 counting	obj
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 covered	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive		Roots	with tiny root hairs	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with hair=Theme
2	give	present	each single long cell	a bigger surface		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surface=Theme
3	soak up	to-infinitive	each single long cell not said here	water and minerals		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent water=Source
4	measure	past · passive		one rye plant	with 600 km of roots	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value
5	not count	gerund		the root hairs		vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:057-roots-stems-and-leaves.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/57-roots-stems-and-leaves/6/