Seeds and fruit and how they travel, sentence 5

Each dandelion seed has a parachute of fine hairs that makes a ring of swirling air above it, slowing its fall so the wind can carry it many kilometres.

Who acts: dandelion seed, parachute, air, wind · What happens: have, make, swirl, slow, carry · To what, where: parachute, ring, seed, fall

This is a sentence of the lesson «Seeds and fruit and how they travel» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dandelion seed, parachute, air, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 seed	det
2	dandelion	dandelion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 seed	compound
3	seed	seed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 parachute	det
6	parachute	parachute	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 hairs	case
8	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 hairs	amod
9	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 parachute	nmod
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 makes	nsubj
11	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 parachute	acl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 ring	det
13	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 makes	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 air	case
15	swirling	swirl	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 air	acl
16	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ring	nmod
17	above	above	ADP	_	18 it	case
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 swirling	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 slowing	punct
20	slowing	slow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 makes	advcl
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 fall	nmod:poss
22	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 slowing	obj
23	so	so	SCONJ	_	27 carry	mark
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 wind	det
25	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 carry	nsubj
26	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 carry	aux
27	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 slowing	advcl
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 carry	obj
29	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 kilometres	amod
30	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 carry	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	each dandelion seed	a parachute of fine hairs			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parachute=Patient
2	make	present	a parachute of fine hairs	a ring of air			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product
3	swirl	gerund	air not said here		seed		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above it=Location
4	slow	gerund	a parachute of fine hairs not said here	seed's fall			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fall=Patient
5	carry	can	the wind	seed		many kilometres obl	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:059-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/59-seeds-and-fruit-and-how-they-travel/5/