The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 0
The Arctic is the frozen top of the world: an ocean covered by floating sea ice, surrounded by the cold treeless land called the tundra in the north of Europe, Asia and North America.
Who acts: Arctic, ocean, cold treeless land · What happens: freeze, be, cover, float, surround, call · To what, where: frozen top, floating sea ice, ocean, tundra, north · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arctic, ocean, cold treeless land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Arctic | det |
| 2 | Arctic | Arctic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 top | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 top | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 top | det |
| 5 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 top | amod |
| 6 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 world | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 world | det |
| 9 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 top | nmod |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 ocean | punct |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 ocean | det |
| 12 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 top | appos |
| 13 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 ocean | acl |
| 14 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 15 floating | mark |
| 15 | floating | float | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 ice | amod |
| 16 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ice | compound |
| 17 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 covered | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 surrounded | punct |
| 19 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 ocean | acl |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 land | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 land | det |
| 22 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 land | amod |
| 23 | treeless | treeless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 land | amod |
| 24 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 surrounded | obl:agent |
| 25 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 land | acl |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 tundra | det |
| 27 | tundra | tundra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 called | obj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 north | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 north | det |
| 30 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 called | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Europe | case |
| 32 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 north | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 Asia | punct |
| 34 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Europe | conj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 America | cc |
| 36 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 America | compound |
| 37 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Europe | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 top | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the Arctic | the frozen top | of the world | tree rules | |||
| 3 | cover | participle | a ocean not said here | floating sea ice | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | float | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | surround | participle | a ocean not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | call | participle | the cold treeless land not said here | the tundra | the north of Europe and Asia and North America | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tundra=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/0/