The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 12

The male narwhal's tusk is a front tooth up to about 3 metres long that grows through its upper lip, and in the Middle Ages such tusks were sold as unicorn horns.

Who acts: tusk, front tooth · What happens: be, grow, sell · To what, where: front tooth, upper lip, such tusks, Middle Ages

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tusk, front tooth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 narwhal	det
2	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 narwhal	amod
3	narwhal	narwhal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tusk	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 narwhal	case
5	tusk	tusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 tooth	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 tooth	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 tooth	det
8	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tooth	amod
9	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	up	up	ADV	_	9 tooth	advmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	14 metres	case
12	about	about	ADV	_	13 3	advmod
13	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 metres	nummod
14	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 long	obl
15	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tooth	amod
16	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 grows	nsubj
17	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 tooth	acl:relcl
18	through	through	ADP	_	21 lip	case
19	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 lip	nmod:poss
20	upper	upper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 lip	amod
21	lip	lip	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 grows	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 sold	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 sold	cc
24	in	in	ADP	_	27 Ages	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Ages	det
26	Middle	Middle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 Ages	amod
27	Ages	Age	PROPN	Number=Plur	31 sold	obl
28	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 tusks	amod
29	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 sold	nsubj:pass
30	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 sold	aux:pass
31	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 grows	conj
32	as	as	ADP	_	34 horns	case
33	unicorn	unicorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 horns	compound
34	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 sold	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 tooth	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the male narwhal's tusk	a front tooth				tree rules
2	grow	present	a front tooth		metre's upper lip			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through lip=Location
3	sell	past · passive		such tusks		in the Middle Ages	as unicorn horns	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/12/