The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 6

Polar bears are classed as marine mammals, and as Arctic sea ice shrinks in summer they have less time to hunt and must live longer on their fat.

Who acts: Arctic sea ice, mammals · What happens: class, shrink, have, hunt, live · To what, where: Polar bears, fat

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arctic sea ice, mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 classed	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 classed	aux:pass
4	classed	class	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	as	as	ADP	_	7 mammals	case
6	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mammals	amod
7	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 classed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 have	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 have	cc
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 shrinks	mark
11	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ice	amod
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ice	compound
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shrinks	nsubj
14	shrinks	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 have	advcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 summer	case
16	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shrinks	obl
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 have	nsubj
18	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 classed	conj
19	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 time	amod
20	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 have	obj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 hunt	mark
22	hunt	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 time	acl
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 live	cc
24	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 live	aux
25	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 hunt	conj
26	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	25 live	advmod
27	on	on	ADP	_	29 fat	case
28	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 fat	nmod:poss
29	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 live	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 classed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	class	present · passive		Polar bears			as marine mammals goal	vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme as mammal=Goal
2	shrink	present	Arctic sea ice			summer		vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	have	present	mammals = mammal			time		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	hunt	to-infinitive	mammals = mammal not said here					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	live	must	mammals = mammal not said here		mammals's fat		long property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fat=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/6/