Trees, sentence 12
Deciduous trees drop their leaves in autumn and protect next year's tiny leaves and flowers inside buds wrapped in tough scales; horse chestnut buds are glued shut and sticky, and conkers are poisonous to eat.
Who acts: Deciduous trees, conkers · What happens: drop, protect, wrap, glue, be, eat · To what, where: leaves, tiny leaves, buds, tough scales, chestnut buds
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Deciduous trees, conkers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deciduous | deciduous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 trees | amod |
| 2 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 drop | nsubj |
| 3 | drop | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 5 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 drop | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 autumn | case |
| 7 | autumn | autumn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drop | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 protect | cc |
| 9 | protect | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 drop | conj |
| 10 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 year | amod |
| 11 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 year | case |
| 13 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 leaves | amod |
| 14 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 protect | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 flowers | cc |
| 16 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 leaves | conj |
| 17 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 18 buds | case |
| 18 | buds | bud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 protect | obl |
| 19 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 buds | acl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 scales | case |
| 21 | tough | tough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 scales | amod |
| 22 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 wrapped | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 glued | punct |
| 24 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 chestnut | compound |
| 25 | chestnut | chestnut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 buds | compound |
| 26 | buds | bud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 glued | nsubj |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 glued | aux:pass |
| 28 | glued | glue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 drop | conj |
| 29 | shut | shut | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 glued | xcomp |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 sticky | cc |
| 31 | sticky | sticky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 shut | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 poisonous | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 poisonous | cc |
| 34 | conkers | conker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 poisonous | nsubj |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 poisonous | cop |
| 36 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 drop | conj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 eat | mark |
| 38 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 poisonous | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 drop | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drop | present | Deciduous trees | Trees's leaves | autumn | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | |||
| 2 | protect | present | Deciduous trees not said here | next year's tiny leaves and flowers | buds | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | wrap | participle | buds not said here | tough scales | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in scale=Destination | ||||
| 4 | glue | present · passive | chestnut buds | shut property | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | conkers | poisonous property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | eat | to-infinitive | conkers not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/12/