Trees, sentence 11

Pine cones open their scales in dry weather to let winged seeds blow away, since seeds travel best on dry windy days, and close in damp air and rain; some open only after a forest fire.

Who acts: Pine cones, winged seeds, seeds, some · What happens: open, let, wing, blow away, travel · To what, where: scales, dry weather

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pine cones, winged seeds, seeds, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pine	pine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cones	compound
2	cones	cone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 open	nsubj
3	open	open	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 scales	nmod:poss
5	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 open	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 weather	case
7	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 weather	amod
8	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 open	obl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 let	mark
10	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 open	advcl
11	winged	wing	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 seeds	amod
12	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 blow	nsubj
13	blow	blow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 let	xcomp
14	away	away	ADV	_	13 blow	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 best	punct
16	since	since	SCONJ	_	18 travel	mark
17	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 travel	nsubj
18	travel	travel	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 best	nsubj
19	best	well	ADV	Degree=Sup	13 blow	advcl
20	on	on	ADP	_	23 days	case
21	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 days	amod
22	windy	windy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 days	amod
23	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 best	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 close	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 close	cc
26	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 best	parataxis
27	in	in	ADP	_	29 air	case
28	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 air	amod
29	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 close	obl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 rain	cc
31	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 air	conj
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 open	punct
33	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	34 open	nsubj
34	open	open	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 open	conj
35	only	only	ADV	_	39 fire	advmod
36	after	after	ADP	_	39 fire	case
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 fire	det
38	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 fire	compound
39	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 open	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 open	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	open	present	Pine cones	cones's scales	dry weather			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent scale=Theme in weather=Location
2	let	to-infinitive	Pine cones not said here					tree rules
3	wing	participle						vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
4	blow away	infinitive	winged seeds				away property	vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
5	travel		seeds					tree rules
6	open	present	some			after a forest fire		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/11/