Trees, sentence 3
Most of a tree is made from the air: it takes in carbon dioxide, keeps the carbon in its wood and gives out oxygen, which is why old forests matter so much for the climate.
Who acts: it, oxygen, old forests · What happens: make, take, keep, give out, be, matter · To what, where: Most, air, carbon dioxide, carbon, wood, oxygen
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, oxygen, old forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 made | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 tree | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 tree | det |
| 4 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Most | nmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 made | aux:pass |
| 6 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 air | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 air | det |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 made | obl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 takes | punct |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 takes | nsubj |
| 12 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 made | parataxis |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 dioxide | case |
| 14 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dioxide | compound |
| 15 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 takes | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 keeps | punct |
| 17 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 takes | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 carbon | det |
| 19 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 keeps | obj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 wood | case |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 wood | nmod:poss |
| 22 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 keeps | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 gives | cc |
| 24 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 made | conj |
| 25 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 gives | compound:prt |
| 26 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 gives | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 matter | punct |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 why | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 why | cop |
| 30 | why | why | ADV | _ | 26 oxygen | acl:relcl |
| 31 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 forests | amod |
| 32 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 matter | nsubj |
| 33 | matter | matter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 why | ccomp |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 much | advmod |
| 35 | much | much | ADV | _ | 33 matter | advmod |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 climate | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 climate | det |
| 38 | climate | climate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 matter | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | Most of a tree | the air | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from air=Material | ||||
| 2 | take | present | it | carbon dioxide | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in dioxide=Location | ||||
| 3 | keep | present | the carbon | carbon's wood | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent carbon=Theme in wood=Location | ||||
| 4 | give out | present | oxygen | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | present | oxygen | why property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | matter | present | old forests | for the climate | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/3/