Trees, sentence 4

Cartoons show trees as lonely and silent; under the ground their roots are joined to fungi that swap water and minerals for sugar, and some scientists think trees may share food this way, though how much is still argued about.

Who acts: Cartoons, fungi, scientists, trees · What happens: show, join, swap, think, share, argue · To what, where: trees, roots, ground, water, food, much · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cartoons, fungi, scientists, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 show	nsubj
2	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 show	obj
4	as	as	ADP	_	5 lonely	case
5	lonely	lonely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 show	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 silent	cc
7	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lonely	conj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 joined	punct
9	under	under	ADP	_	11 ground	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ground	det
11	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 joined	obl
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 roots	nmod:poss
13	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 joined	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 joined	aux:pass
15	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 show	parataxis
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 fungi	case
17	fungi	fungus	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 joined	obl
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 swap	nsubj
19	swap	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 fungi	acl:relcl
20	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 swap	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 minerals	cc
22	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 water	conj
23	for	for	ADP	_	24 sugar	case
24	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 swap	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 think	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 think	cc
27	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	28 scientists	det
28	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 think	nsubj
29	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 show	conj
30	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 share	nsubj
31	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 share	aux
32	share	share	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 think	ccomp
33	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 share	obj
34	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	35 way	det
35	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 share	obl:unmarked
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 argued	punct
37	though	though	SCONJ	_	42 argued	mark
38	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	39 much	advmod
39	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 argued	nsubj:pass
40	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 argued	aux:pass
41	still	still	ADV	_	42 argued	advmod
42	argued	argue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 share	advcl
43	about	about	ADV	_	42 argued	advmod
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 show	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Cartoons	trees			as lonely	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tree=Recipient
2	join	present · passive		Trees's roots	the ground		to fungi	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to fungus=Co-Patient
3	swap	present	fungi	water and minerals			for sugar	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme for sugar=Co-Theme
4	think speech: other	present	some scientists					vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	share	may	trees	food			this way obl:unmarked	tree rules
6	argue speech: disagree	present · passive		much		still	about property	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/4/