Trees, sentence 5
Each year a tree grows a new ring of wood under its bark; scientists use tree rings to learn about the weather hundreds or thousands of years ago.
Who acts: tree, scientists · What happens: grow, use, learn · To what, where: new ring, bark, tree rings, hundreds
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 year | det |
| 2 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grows | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 tree | det |
| 4 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grows | nsubj |
| 5 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 ring | det |
| 7 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 ring | amod |
| 8 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grows | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 wood | case |
| 10 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ring | nmod |
| 11 | under | under | ADP | _ | 13 bark | case |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 bark | nmod:poss |
| 13 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grows | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 use | punct |
| 15 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 use | nsubj |
| 16 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 grows | parataxis |
| 17 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 rings | compound |
| 18 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 use | obj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 learn | mark |
| 20 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 use | advcl |
| 21 | about | about | ADP | _ | 23 weather | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 weather | det |
| 23 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 learn | obl |
| 24 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 learn | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 thousands | cc |
| 26 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 hundreds | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 years | case |
| 28 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 thousands | nmod |
| 29 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 24 hundreds | advmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 grows | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | a tree | a new ring of wood | much's bark | year | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ring=Theme | ||
| 2 | use | present | scientists | tree rings | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Patient | ||||
| 3 | learn | to-infinitive | scientists not said here | hundreds or thousands of years | about the weather | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about weather=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/5/