Trees, sentence 7
The tallest known living tree is a coast redwood called Hyperion, about 116 metres tall, and the giant sequoia General Sherman is the biggest by volume; much taller is hard for any tree, because lifting water up to the top leaves gets too hard.
Who acts: tallest known living tree, giant sequoia, taller, lifting · What happens: know, be, call, lift up, get · To what, where: coast redwood, water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tallest known living tree, giant sequoia, taller, lifting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tree | det |
| 2 | tallest | tall | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 tree | amod |
| 3 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 tree | amod |
| 4 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tree | compound |
| 5 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 redwood | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 redwood | cop |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 redwood | det |
| 8 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 redwood | compound |
| 9 | redwood | redwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 redwood | acl |
| 11 | Hyperion | Hyperion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 called | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 metres | punct |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 116 | advmod |
| 14 | 116 | 116 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 metres | nummod |
| 15 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tall | obl |
| 16 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 redwood | amod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 biggest | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 biggest | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sequoia | det |
| 20 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 sequoia | amod |
| 21 | sequoia | sequoia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 biggest | nsubj |
| 22 | General | General | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Sherman | compound |
| 23 | Sherman | Sherman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 sequoia | appos |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 biggest | cop |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 biggest | det |
| 26 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 9 redwood | conj |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 volume | case |
| 28 | volume | volume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 biggest | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 hard | punct |
| 30 | much | much | ADV | _ | 31 taller | advmod |
| 31 | taller | tall | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 33 hard | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 hard | cop |
| 33 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 redwood | parataxis |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 36 tree | case |
| 35 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 36 tree | det |
| 36 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 hard | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 hard | punct |
| 38 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 46 gets | mark |
| 39 | lifting | lift | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 46 gets | csubj |
| 40 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 lifting | obj |
| 41 | up | up | ADP | _ | 39 lifting | compound:prt |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 leaves | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 leaves | det |
| 44 | top | top | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 leaves | amod |
| 45 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 hard | obl |
| 46 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 hard | advcl |
| 47 | too | too | ADV | _ | 48 hard | advmod |
| 48 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 gets | xcomp |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 redwood | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | the tallest known living tree | a coast redwood | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | a coast redwood not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | present | the giant sequoia | by volume; big property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | present | taller | for any tree; hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lift up | gerund | water | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | |||||
| 7 | get | present | lifting | hard property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/7/