Trees, sentence 8

Bark protects the living wood from insects, disease, fire and cold, and under it a thin living layer makes new wood and bark; cutting a ring of bark all round can kill a tree.

Who acts: Bark, thin living layer, cutting · What happens: protect, make, cut, kill · To what, where: living wood, new wood, bark, ring, tree

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bark, thin living layer, cutting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 protects	nsubj
2	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wood	det
4	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wood	compound
5	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 protects	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 insects	case
7	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 protects	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 disease	punct
9	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 insects	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 fire	punct
11	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 insects	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 cold	cc
13	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fire	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 makes	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 makes	cc
16	under	under	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 makes	obl
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 layer	det
19	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 layer	amod
20	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 layer	compound
21	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 makes	nsubj
22	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 protects	conj
23	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 wood	amod
24	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 makes	obj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 bark	cc
26	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 wood	conj
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 cutting	punct
28	cutting	cut	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 kill	csubj
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 ring	det
30	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 cutting	obj
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 bark	case
32	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 ring	nmod
33	all	all	ADV	_	34 round	advmod
34	round	round	ADV	_	28 cutting	advmod
35	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 kill	aux
36	kill	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 protects	parataxis
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 tree	det
38	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 kill	obj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 protects	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	protect	present	Bark	the living wood		from insects and disease and fire	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent wood=Beneficiary from insect=Theme
2	make	present	a thin living layer	new wood and bark	bark		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wood=Product
3	cut	gerund		a ring of bark		round property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product
4	kill	can	cutting	a tree			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/8/