Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, sentence 11
Yeast is a fungus made of single tiny cells; in bread dough it eats sugar and gives off carbon dioxide gas, whose bubbles make the dough rise; yeast works fast when warm and slowly in the cold.
Who acts: Yeast, bubbles · What happens: be, make, eat, give off, rise, work · To what, where: fungus, sugar, bread dough, dioxide gas
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yeast, bubbles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yeast | yeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 made | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fungus | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 fungus | det |
| 4 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 fungus | acl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 cells | case |
| 7 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 cells | amod |
| 8 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 cells | amod |
| 9 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 eats | punct |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 dough | case |
| 12 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dough | compound |
| 13 | dough | dough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 eats | obl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 eats | nsubj |
| 15 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fungus | parataxis |
| 16 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 eats | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 gives | cc |
| 18 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 eats | conj |
| 19 | off | off | ADP | _ | 18 gives | compound:prt |
| 20 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dioxide | compound |
| 21 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 gas | compound |
| 22 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gives | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 make | punct |
| 24 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 25 bubbles | nmod:poss |
| 25 | bubbles | bubble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 make | nsubj |
| 26 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 gas | acl:relcl |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 dough | det |
| 28 | dough | dough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 rise | compound |
| 29 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 make | xcomp |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 works | punct |
| 31 | yeast | yeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 works | nsubj |
| 32 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fungus | conj |
| 33 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 works | advmod |
| 34 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 warm | advmod |
| 35 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 works | xcomp |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 slowly | cc |
| 37 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 40 cold | advmod |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 cold | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 cold | det |
| 40 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fungus | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 fungus | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a fungus and the cold | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | make | participle | Yeast | a fungus and the cold not said here | of single tiny cells | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fungus=Product | |||
| 3 | eat | present | yeast | sugar | bread dough | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient | |||
| 4 | give off | present | yeast not said here | dioxide gas | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme | ||||
| 5 | make | present | bubbles | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | rise | infinitive | bubbles not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | work | present | yeast | fast, warm property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/11/