Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, sentence 3

Fungi cannot make food from sunlight; they feed by breathing out juices that break down food around them and then soaking it up, which is why they rot dead leaves, logs and the forgotten orange in the fruit bowl.

Who acts: Fungi, juices · What happens: not make, feed, breathe out, break down, soak up, be · To what, where: food, sunlight, juices, dead leaves

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fungi, juices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fungi	fungi	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 make	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 make	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 make	advmod
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 sunlight	case
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 feed	punct
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 feed	nsubj
10	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 make	parataxis
11	by	by	SCONJ	_	12 breathing	mark
12	breathing	breathe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 feed	advcl
13	out	out	ADP	_	12 breathing	compound:prt
14	juices	juice	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 breathing	obj
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 break	nsubj
16	break	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 juices	acl:relcl
17	down	down	ADP	_	16 break	compound:prt
18	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 break	obj
19	around	around	ADP	_	20 them	case
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 break	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 soaking	cc
22	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	23 soaking	advmod
23	soaking	soak	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 breathing	conj
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 soaking	obj
25	up	up	ADP	_	23 soaking	compound:prt
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 why	punct
27	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 why	nsubj
28	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 why	cop
29	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	23 soaking	conj
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 rot	nsubj
31	rot	rot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 why	advcl:relcl
32	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 leaves	amod
33	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 rot	obj
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 logs	punct
35	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 leaves	conj
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 orange	cc
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 orange	det
38	forgotten	forget	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	39 orange	amod
39	orange	orange	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 leaves	conj
40	in	in	ADP	_	43 bowl	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 bowl	det
42	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 bowl	compound
43	bowl	bowl	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 orange	nmod
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 make	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not make	can	Fungi	food	sunlight			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material
2	feed	present	fungi					vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
3	breathe out	gerund	fungi not said here	juices				vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent juice=Theme
4	break down	present	juices	food			around fungi	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
5	soak up	gerund	fungi not said here	food		then		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
6	is	present					why property	tree rules
7	rot	present	fungi	dead leaves and logs and the forgotten orange in the fruit bowl				tree rules
8	forget	participle						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/3/