Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast, sentence 5
Fungi are their own kingdom of life, separate from plants and animals; they have no green chlorophyll and cannot make food from sunlight, and they are in fact closer relatives of animals than of plants.
Who acts: Fungi · What happens: be, have, not make · To what, where: own kingdom, green chlorophyll, food, sunlight, closer relatives
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi: mushrooms, mould and yeast» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fungi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fungi | fungi | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 kingdom | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 kingdom | cop |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 kingdom | nmod:poss |
| 4 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 kingdom | amod |
| 5 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 life | case |
| 7 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 kingdom | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 separate | punct |
| 9 | separate | separate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 kingdom | amod |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 plants | case |
| 11 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 separate | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 animals | cc |
| 13 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 plants | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 have | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 have | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 kingdom | parataxis |
| 17 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 chlorophyll | det |
| 18 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 chlorophyll | amod |
| 19 | chlorophyll | chlorophyll | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 have | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 make | cc |
| 21 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 make | aux |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 make | advmod |
| 23 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 have | conj |
| 24 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 make | obj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 sunlight | case |
| 26 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 make | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 relatives | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 relatives | cc |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 relatives | nsubj |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 relatives | cop |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 fact | fixed |
| 32 | fact | fact | ADV | _ | 34 relatives | advmod |
| 33 | closer | closer | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 relatives | amod |
| 34 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 make | conj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 animals | case |
| 36 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 relatives | nmod |
| 37 | than | than | ADP | _ | 39 plants | case |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 plants | case |
| 39 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 relatives | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 kingdom | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Fungi | fungi's own kingdom | of life | tree rules | |||
| 2 | have | present | fungi | no green chlorophyll | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chlorophyll=Patient | ||||
| 3 | not make | can | fungi not said here | food | sunlight | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material | |||
| 4 | is a | present | fungi | closer relatives | of animals; than plants; fact property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:062-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/62-fungi-mushrooms-mould-and-yeast/5/