Cells, bones and muscles, sentence 15

Muscles move bones by pulling, never pushing; the biceps on the front of the arm shortens to bend the elbow, and the triceps at the back pulls to straighten it.

Who acts: Muscles, biceps, triceps · What happens: move, pull, not push, shorten, bend, straighten · To what, where: bones, elbow

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cells, bones and muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muscles, biceps, triceps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 move	nsubj
2	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 move	obj
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 pulling	mark
5	pulling	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 move	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 pushing	punct
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 pushing	advmod
8	pushing	push	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 move	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 biceps	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 biceps	det
11	biceps	biceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 shortens	nsubj
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 front	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 front	det
14	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 biceps	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 arm	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 arm	det
17	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 front	nmod
18	shortens	shorten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 move	parataxis
19	to	to	PART	_	20 bend	mark
20	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 shortens	advcl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 elbow	det
22	elbow	elbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 bend	obj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 pulls	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 triceps	cc
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 triceps	det
26	triceps	triceps	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 pulls	nsubj
27	at	at	ADP	_	29 back	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 back	det
29	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 triceps	nmod
30	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 shortens	conj
31	to	to	PART	_	32 straighten	mark
32	straighten	straighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 pulls	advcl
33	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 straighten	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 move	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	move	present	Muscles	bones	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme
2	pull	gerund	Muscles not said here		vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	not push	gerund	Muscles not said here		vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
4	shorten	present	the biceps on the front of the arm		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	bend	to-infinitive	the biceps on the front of the arm not said here	the elbow	vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent elbow=Material
6	pull	present	the triceps at the back		vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	straighten	to-infinitive	the triceps at the back not said here	elbow	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:064-cells-bones-and-muscles.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/64-cells-bones-and-muscles/15/