Lungs and breathing, sentence 12
The nose warms and moistens air, and its hairs and sticky mucus catch dust and germs before they reach the lungs.
Who acts: nose, hairs · What happens: warm, moisten, catch, reach · To what, where: air, dust, lungs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nose, hairs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 nose | det |
| 2 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 warms | nsubj |
| 3 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 moistens | cc |
| 5 | moistens | moisten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 warms | conj |
| 6 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 moistens | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 catch | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 catch | cc |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 hairs | nmod:poss |
| 10 | hairs | hair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 catch | nsubj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 mucus | cc |
| 12 | sticky | sticky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 mucus | amod |
| 13 | mucus | mucus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hairs | conj |
| 14 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 warms | conj |
| 15 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 catch | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 germs | cc |
| 17 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 dust | conj |
| 18 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 20 reach | mark |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 reach | nsubj |
| 20 | reach | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 catch | advcl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 lungs | det |
| 22 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 reach | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 warms | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | warm | present | the nose | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | moisten | present | the nose not said here | air | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient | ||||
| 3 | catch | present | air's hairs and sticky mucus | dust and germs | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme | ||||
| 4 | reach | present | hairs = hair | the lungs | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent lung=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/12/