Lungs and breathing, sentence 14

Nobody knows for sure why we yawn; one idea is that it helps cool the brain, and yawns are catching, so seeing someone yawn often makes you yawn.

Who acts: Nobody, we, one idea, yawns, someone, seeing · What happens: know, yawn, be, cool, catch, see · To what, where: brain, someone, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nobody, we, one idea, yawns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 knows	nsubj
2	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 sure	case
4	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 knows	obl
5	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 yawn	advmod
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 yawn	nsubj
7	yawn	yawn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 knows	ccomp
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 helps	punct
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 idea	nummod
10	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 helps	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 helps	cop
12	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 helps	mark
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 helps	nsubj
14	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 knows	parataxis
15	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 helps	xcomp
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 brain	det
17	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cool	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 catching	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 catching	cc
20	yawns	yawn	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 catching	nsubj
21	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 catching	aux
22	catching	catch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 helps	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 seeing	punct
24	so	so	ADV	_	25 seeing	advmod
25	seeing	see	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	29 makes	csubj
26	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	25 seeing	obj
27	yawn	yawn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 seeing	xcomp
28	often	often	ADV	_	27 yawn	advmod
29	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 knows	conj
30	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	29 makes	obj
31	yawn	yawn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 makes	xcomp
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 knows	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	know	present	Nobody		for sure	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	yawn	present	we			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	one idea		help property	tree rules
4	cool	infinitive	one idea not said here	the brain		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent brain=Patient
5	catch	present · progressive	yawns			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	see	gerund		someone		tree rules
7	yawn	infinitive	someone not said here		often property	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	make	present	seeing	you		tree rules
9	yawn	infinitive	you not said here			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/14/