Lungs and breathing, sentence 4
Your nose cleans the air, a sneeze blasts out dust, and the same breath makes your voice when it buzzes past your vocal cords; whales breathe air too, but fish take their oxygen from water with gills.
Who acts: nose, sneeze, same breath, air, whales, fish · What happens: clean, blast out, make, buzz, breathe, take · To what, where: air, dust, voice, oxygen, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nose, sneeze, same breath, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 nose | nmod:poss |
| 2 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cleans | nsubj |
| 3 | cleans | clean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 air | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cleans | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 blasts | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 sneeze | det |
| 8 | sneeze | sneeze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 blasts | nsubj |
| 9 | blasts | blast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cleans | conj |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 blasts | compound:prt |
| 11 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 blasts | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 makes | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 makes | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 breath | det |
| 15 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 breath | amod |
| 16 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 makes | nsubj |
| 17 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cleans | conj |
| 18 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 voice | nmod:poss |
| 19 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 makes | obj |
| 20 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 22 buzzes | advmod |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 buzzes | nsubj |
| 22 | buzzes | buzz | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 makes | advcl |
| 23 | past | past | ADP | _ | 26 cords | case |
| 24 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 cords | nmod:poss |
| 25 | vocal | vocal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 cords | amod |
| 26 | cords | cord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 buzzes | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 breathe | punct |
| 28 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 breathe | nsubj |
| 29 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cleans | conj |
| 30 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 breathe | obj |
| 31 | too | too | ADV | _ | 29 breathe | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 take | punct |
| 33 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 take | cc |
| 34 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 take | nsubj |
| 35 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cleans | conj |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 oxygen | nmod:poss |
| 37 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 take | obj |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 39 water | case |
| 39 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 take | obl |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 gills | case |
| 41 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 take | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cleans | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | clean | present | Your nose | the air | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient | ||||
| 2 | blast out | present | a sneeze | dust | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location dust=Theme | ||||
| 3 | make | present | the same breath | your voice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset voice=Product | ||||
| 4 | buzz | present | air | past your vocal cords | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | breathe | present | whales | air | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 6 | take | present | fish | fish's oxygen | water | with gills | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme from water=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/4/