Lungs and breathing, sentence 8
The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle under the lungs, pulls down when you breathe in, making more room in the chest so air rushes in; a hiccup is a sudden jerk of the diaphragm.
Who acts: diaphragm, you, air, hiccup · What happens: shape, pull down, breathe in, make, rush in, be · To what, where: dome, more room, chest, sudden jerk
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (diaphragm, you, air, hiccup), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 diaphragm | det |
| 2 | diaphragm | diaphragm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pulls | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 diaphragm | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 muscle | det |
| 5 | dome | dome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 shaped | obl |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 dome | punct |
| 7 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 muscle | amod |
| 8 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 diaphragm | appos |
| 9 | under | under | ADP | _ | 11 lungs | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 lungs | det |
| 11 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 muscle | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 pulls | punct |
| 13 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | down | down | ADP | _ | 13 pulls | compound:prt |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 breathe | advmod |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 breathe | nsubj |
| 17 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 pulls | advcl |
| 18 | in | in | ADV | _ | 17 breathe | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 making | punct |
| 20 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 pulls | advcl |
| 21 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 room | amod |
| 22 | room | room | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 making | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 chest | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 chest | det |
| 25 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 room | nmod |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 rushes | advmod |
| 27 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 rushes | nsubj |
| 28 | rushes | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 making | advcl |
| 29 | in | in | ADV | _ | 28 rushes | advmod |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 jerk | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 hiccup | det |
| 32 | hiccup | hiccup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 jerk | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 jerk | cop |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 jerk | det |
| 35 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 jerk | amod |
| 36 | jerk | jerk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pulls | parataxis |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 diaphragm | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 diaphragm | det |
| 39 | diaphragm | diaphragm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 jerk | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 pulls | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shape | participle | dome | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 2 | pull down | present | the diaphragm | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | breathe in | present | you | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | make | gerund | the diaphragm not said here | more room | the chest | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset room=Product | |||
| 5 | rush in | present | air | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | is a | present | a hiccup | a sudden jerk | of the diaphragm | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:066-lungs-and-breathing.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/8/