Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, sentence 8
When you swallow, a flap called the epiglottis covers the windpipe; if you laugh or talk while swallowing, some drink can slip into the windpipe and you cough it out.
Who acts: you, flap, drink · What happens: swallow, call, cover, laugh, talk, slip · To what, where: epiglottis, windpipe · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, flap, drink), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 swallow | mark |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 swallow | nsubj |
| 3 | swallow | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 covers | advcl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 swallow | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 flap | det |
| 6 | flap | flap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 covers | nsubj |
| 7 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 flap | acl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 epiglottis | det |
| 9 | epiglottis | epiglottis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 called | obj |
| 10 | covers | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 windpipe | det |
| 12 | windpipe | windpipe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 covers | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 slip | punct |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 16 laugh | mark |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 laugh | nsubj |
| 16 | laugh | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 slip | advcl |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 talk | cc |
| 18 | talk | talk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 laugh | conj |
| 19 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 20 swallowing | mark |
| 20 | swallowing | swallow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 talk | advcl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 laugh | punct |
| 22 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 drink | det |
| 23 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 slip | nsubj |
| 24 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 slip | aux |
| 25 | slip | slip | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 covers | parataxis |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 28 windpipe | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 windpipe | det |
| 28 | windpipe | windpipe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 slip | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 cough | cc |
| 30 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 cough | nsubj |
| 31 | cough | cough | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 slip | conj |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 cough | obj |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 31 cough | compound:prt |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 covers | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swallow | present | you | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | call | participle | a flap not said here | the epiglottis | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent epiglottis=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | cover | present | a flap | the windpipe | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme windpipe=Destination | ||||
| 4 | laugh a condition, not said to happen | present | you | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | talk | present | you not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | swallow | gerund | you not said here | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | slip | can | some drink | the windpipe | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | cough out | present | you | epiglottis | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:067-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/8/