Senses: eyes and ears, sentence 14

Sound reaches the nearer ear a tiny fraction of a second sooner and a little louder, and the brain uses these differences to tell where a sound comes from.

Who acts: Sound, brain · What happens: reach, use, tell, come · To what, where: nearer ear, differences · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sound, brain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sound	Sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reaches	nsubj
2	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ear	det
4	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 ear	amod
5	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reaches	obj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fraction	det
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fraction	amod
8	fraction	fraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ear	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 sooner	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 second	det
11	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fraction	nmod
12	sooner	soon	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 fraction	advmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 louder	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 little	det
15	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 louder	obl
16	louder	louder	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 sooner	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 uses	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 uses	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 brain	det
20	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 uses	nsubj
21	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reaches	conj
22	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	23 differences	det
23	differences	difference	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 uses	obj
24	to	to	PART	_	25 tell	mark
25	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 uses	advcl
26	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	29 comes	advmod
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 sound	det
28	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 comes	nsubj
29	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 tell	advcl
30	from	from	ADV	_	29 comes	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reaches	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	reach	present	Sound	the nearer ear and a tiny fraction a second		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme
2	use	present	the brain	this differences		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difference=Patient
3	tell speech: assert	to-infinitive	the brain not said here			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	come	present	a sound		from property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/14/