Senses: eyes and ears, sentence 16
Very loud sounds can damage the hair cells in the cochlea, which in people do not grow back; ringing ears after fireworks are a warning sign, and ear defenders help.
Who acts: loud sounds, hair cells, fireworks, ear defenders · What happens: damage, not grow back, ring, be, help · To what, where: hair cells, cochlea, people, ears, warning sign
This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loud sounds, hair cells, fireworks, ear defenders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Very | very | ADV | _ | 2 loud | advmod |
| 2 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sounds | amod |
| 3 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 damage | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 damage | aux |
| 5 | damage | damage | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 cells | det |
| 7 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cells | compound |
| 8 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 damage | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 cochlea | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cochlea | det |
| 11 | cochlea | cochlea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cells | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 which | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 grow | nsubj |
| 14 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 18 grow | mark |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 grow | obl |
| 16 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 grow | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 grow | advmod |
| 18 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 cells | acl:relcl |
| 19 | back | back | ADV | _ | 18 grow | advmod |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 5 damage | punct |
| 21 | ringing | ring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 grow | conj |
| 22 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 ringing | obj |
| 23 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 28 sign | mark |
| 24 | fireworks | firework | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 sign | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 sign | cop |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 sign | det |
| 27 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sign | compound |
| 28 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 ringing | advcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 help | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 help | cc |
| 31 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 defenders | compound |
| 32 | defenders | defender | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 help | nsubj |
| 33 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 ringing | conj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 damage | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | damage | can | loud sounds | the hair cells | the cochlea | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient | |||
| 2 | not grow back | present · do-support | the hair cells | people | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | ring | gerund | the hair cells not said here | ears | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | fireworks | a warning sign | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | help | present | ear defenders | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/16/