Senses: eyes and ears, sentence 17
An echo is sound bouncing off a hard surface and coming back; sound travels about 340 metres a second in air, so an echo from a cliff 170 metres away comes back after about one second.
Who acts: echo, sound · What happens: be, bounce off, come back, travel · To what, where: sound, hard surface, 340 metres, air
This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (echo, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 echo | det |
| 2 | echo | echo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sound | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sound | cop |
| 4 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | bouncing | bounce | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 sound | acl |
| 6 | off | off | ADP | _ | 5 bouncing | compound:prt |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 surface | det |
| 8 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 surface | amod |
| 9 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bouncing | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 coming | cc |
| 11 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 bouncing | conj |
| 12 | back | back | ADV | _ | 11 coming | advmod |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 sound | punct |
| 14 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 travels | nsubj |
| 15 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sound | parataxis |
| 16 | about | about | ADV | _ | 17 340 | advmod |
| 17 | 340 | 340 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 metres | nummod |
| 18 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 travels | obj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 second | det |
| 20 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 travels | obl:unmarked |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 air | case |
| 22 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 travels | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 comes | punct |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 33 comes | advmod |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 echo | det |
| 26 | echo | echo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 comes | nsubj |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 cliff | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 cliff | det |
| 29 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 echo | nmod |
| 30 | 170 | 170 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 metres | nummod |
| 31 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 away | obl |
| 32 | away | away | ADV | _ | 33 comes | advmod |
| 33 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sound | conj |
| 34 | back | back | ADV | _ | 33 comes | advmod |
| 35 | after | after | ADP | _ | 37 one | case |
| 36 | about | about | ADV | _ | 37 one | advmod |
| 37 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 second | nummod |
| 38 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 comes | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 metres | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a echo | sound | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bounce off | gerund | sound not said here | a hard surface | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surface=Agent | ||||
| 3 | come back | gerund | sound not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | travel | present | sound | 340 metres | air | second | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme metre=Trajectory | ||
| 5 | come back | present | a echo from a cliff | second | away property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/17/