Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 2
The animals beat the cold by teamwork and clever bodies: emperor penguins huddle in a blizzard and take turns in the warm middle, icefish carry natural antifreeze, and seals keep breathing holes open in the ice.
Who acts: animals, emperor penguins, icefish, seals · What happens: beat, huddle, take, carry, keep, breathe · To what, where: cold, blizzard, turns, warm middle, natural antifreeze, holes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, emperor penguins, icefish, seals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 animals | det |
| 2 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 beat | nsubj |
| 3 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 cold | det |
| 5 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 beat | obj |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 teamwork | case |
| 7 | teamwork | teamwork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 beat | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 bodies | cc |
| 9 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 bodies | amod |
| 10 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 teamwork | conj |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 huddle | punct |
| 12 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 penguins | compound |
| 13 | penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 huddle | nsubj |
| 14 | huddle | huddle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 beat | parataxis |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 blizzard | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 blizzard | det |
| 17 | blizzard | blizzard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 huddle | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 take | cc |
| 19 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 huddle | conj |
| 20 | turns | turn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 take | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 middle | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 middle | det |
| 23 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 middle | amod |
| 24 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 take | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 carry | punct |
| 26 | icefish | icefish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 carry | nsubj |
| 27 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 beat | conj |
| 28 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 antifreeze | amod |
| 29 | antifreeze | antifreeze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 carry | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 keep | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 keep | cc |
| 32 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 keep | nsubj |
| 33 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 carry | conj |
| 34 | breathing | breathe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 keep | xcomp |
| 35 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 breathing | obj |
| 36 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 breathing | xcomp |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 ice | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 ice | det |
| 39 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 open | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 beat | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | present | the animals | the cold | by teamwork and clever bodies | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cold=Theme | |||
| 2 | huddle | present | emperor penguins | a blizzard | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in blizzard=Location | ||||
| 3 | take | present | emperor penguins not said here | turns | the warm middle | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent turn=Value in middle=Location | |||
| 4 | carry | present | icefish | natural antifreeze | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Theme | ||||
| 5 | keep | present | seals | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | breathe | gerund | seals not said here | holes | open property | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/2/