Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 1
Almost all its life is in and around the sea: the Southern Ocean swarms with krill, tiny shrimp-like animals that feed whales, seals, penguins, fish and seabirds, so krill are the bottom of almost every Antarctic menu.
Who acts: life, Southern Ocean, tiny animals, krill · What happens: be, swarm, feed · To what, where: sea, whales, bottom
This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life, Southern Ocean, tiny animals, krill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Almost | almost | ADV | _ | 2 all | advmod |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 life | det:predet |
| 3 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 life | nmod:poss |
| 4 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sea | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 sea | cop |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 sea | case |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 around | cc |
| 8 | around | around | ADP | _ | 6 in | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sea | det |
| 10 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 swarms | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Ocean | det |
| 13 | Southern | Southern | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Ocean | compound |
| 14 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 swarms | nsubj |
| 15 | swarms | swarm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 sea | parataxis |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 krill | case |
| 17 | krill | krill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 swarms | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 krill | punct |
| 19 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 animals | amod |
| 20 | shrimp | shrimp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 like | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 like | punct |
| 22 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 animals | case |
| 23 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 krill | appos |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 feed | nsubj |
| 25 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 animals | acl:relcl |
| 26 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 feed | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 seals | punct |
| 28 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 whales | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 penguins | punct |
| 30 | penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 whales | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 fish | punct |
| 32 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 whales | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 seabirds | cc |
| 34 | seabirds | seabird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 whales | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 krill | punct |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 40 bottom | advmod |
| 37 | krill | krill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bottom | nsubj |
| 38 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 bottom | cop |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 bottom | det |
| 40 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 swarms | conj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 menu | case |
| 42 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 45 menu | advmod |
| 43 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 45 menu | det |
| 44 | Antarctic | Antarctic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 menu | amod |
| 45 | menu | menu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bottom | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 sea | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | ice's life | the sea | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | swarm | present | the Southern Ocean | with krill | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with krill=Theme | ||||
| 3 | feed | present | tiny animals | whales and seals and penguins and fish and seabirds | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | krill | the bottom | of every Antarctic menu | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/1/