Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 5
Male emperor penguins huddle through the Antarctic winter in winds up to about 200 km per hour and temperatures below minus 40 degrees, each balancing one egg on his feet under a warm fold of belly skin for about two months without eating.
Who acts: Male emperor penguins, each · What happens: huddle, balance, eat · To what, where: winds, one egg, feet
This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male emperor penguins, each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Male | male | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 penguins | amod |
| 2 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 penguins | compound |
| 3 | penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 huddle | nsubj |
| 4 | huddle | huddle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 8 winter | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 winter | det |
| 7 | Antarctic | Antarctic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 winter | compound |
| 8 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 huddle | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 winds | case |
| 10 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 huddle | obl |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 km | case |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 km | case |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 200 | advmod |
| 14 | 200 | 200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 km | nummod |
| 15 | km | km | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 winds | nmod |
| 16 | per | per | ADP | _ | 17 hour | case |
| 17 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 km | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 temperatures | cc |
| 19 | temperatures | temperature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 winds | conj |
| 20 | below | below | ADP | _ | 23 degrees | case |
| 21 | minus | minus | ADV | _ | 23 degrees | advmod |
| 22 | 40 | 40 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 degrees | nummod |
| 23 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 temperatures | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 egg | punct |
| 25 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 balancing | nsubj |
| 26 | balancing | balance | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 huddle | advcl |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 egg | nummod |
| 28 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 balancing | obj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 feet | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 feet | nmod:poss |
| 31 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 egg | nmod |
| 32 | under | under | ADP | _ | 35 fold | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 fold | det |
| 34 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 fold | amod |
| 35 | fold | fold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 balancing | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 skin | case |
| 37 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 skin | compound |
| 38 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 fold | nmod |
| 39 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 months | case |
| 40 | about | about | ADV | _ | 41 two | advmod |
| 41 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 months | nummod |
| 42 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 balancing | obl |
| 43 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 44 eating | mark |
| 44 | eating | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 huddle | advcl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 huddle | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | huddle | present | Male emperor penguins | winds up 200 km per hour and temperatures below 40 degrees | winter | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location | |||
| 2 | balance | gerund | each | one egg | chick's feet | month | under a warm fold of belly skin | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme under fold=Location | |
| 3 | eat | gerund | Male emperor penguins not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/5/