Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 7

Penguins toboggan on their bellies because sliding is faster and uses less energy than waddling, and gentoo penguins are the fastest swimming penguins, at about 35 km per hour underwater.

Who acts: gentoo penguins · What happens: slide, be, use, waddle, swim · To what, where: less energy, fastest swimming penguins, 35 km

This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gentoo penguins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 toboggan	nsubj
2	toboggan	toboggan	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 bellies	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 bellies	nmod:poss
5	bellies	belly	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 toboggan	obl
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 faster	mark
7	sliding	slide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 faster	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 faster	cop
9	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 toboggan	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 uses	cc
11	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 faster	conj
12	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 energy	amod
13	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 uses	obj
14	than	than	SCONJ	_	15 waddling	mark
15	waddling	waddle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 uses	advcl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 penguins	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 penguins	cc
18	gentoo	gentoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 penguins	compound
19	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 penguins	nsubj
20	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 penguins	cop
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 penguins	det
22	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	24 penguins	amod
23	swimming	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	24 penguins	amod
24	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 toboggan	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 km	punct
26	at	at	ADP	_	29 km	case
27	about	about	ADV	_	28 35	advmod
28	35	35	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	29 km	nummod
29	km	km	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 penguins	obl
30	per	per	ADP	_	32 underwater	case
31	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 km	nmod
32	underwater	underwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 km	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 toboggan	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	slide	gerund					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present				fast property	tree rules
3	use	present		less energy			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient
4	waddle	gerund					vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	swim	gerund					vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	is a	present	gentoo penguins	the fastest swimming penguins	35 km hour per underwater		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/7/