Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 8
Polar bears live only in the Arctic and penguins almost only in the southern half of the world, so they never meet in the wild; the Galapagos penguin lives right at the equator, kept cool by cold currents.
Who acts: Polar bears, penguins, Galapagos penguin · What happens: live, not meet, keep · To what, where: Arctic, wild, equator
This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears, penguins, Galapagos penguin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bears | amod |
| 2 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 live | nsubj |
| 3 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 3 live | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Arctic | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Arctic | det |
| 7 | Arctic | Arctic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 live | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 penguins | cc |
| 9 | penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 Arctic | conj |
| 10 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 15 half | advmod |
| 11 | only | only | ADV | _ | 15 half | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 half | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 half | det |
| 14 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 half | amod |
| 15 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 3 live | parataxis |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 world | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 world | det |
| 18 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 half | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 meet | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 meet | advmod |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 meet | nsubj |
| 22 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 23 meet | advmod |
| 23 | meet | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | parataxis |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 wild | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 wild | det |
| 26 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 meet | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 lives | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 penguin | det |
| 29 | Galapagos | Galapagos | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 penguin | compound |
| 30 | penguin | penguin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lives | nsubj |
| 31 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 live | parataxis |
| 32 | right | right | ADV | _ | 35 equator | advmod |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 equator | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 equator | det |
| 35 | equator | equator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 lives | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 kept | punct |
| 37 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 lives | advcl |
| 38 | cool | cool | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 kept | xcomp |
| 39 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 currents | case |
| 40 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 currents | amod |
| 41 | currents | current | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 cool | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 live | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Polar bears | the Arctic and penguins | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arctic=Location | ||||
| 2 | not meet | present | penguins = penguin | the wild | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | live | present | the Galapagos penguin | the equator | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at equator=Location | ||||
| 4 | keep | participle | the Galapagos penguin not said here | cool property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/8/