Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up, sentence 5
Long bones grow at soft growth plates near their ends, told to work by hormones from the pea-sized pituitary gland under the brain; when the plates harden in the late teens, a person stops getting taller.
Who acts: Long bones, soft growth plates, plates, person · What happens: grow, tell, work, size, harden, stop · To what, where: soft growth plates, sized pituitary gland, late teens · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Long bones, soft growth plates, plates, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bones | amod |
| 2 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | nsubj |
| 3 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 plates | case |
| 5 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 plates | amod |
| 6 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 plates | compound |
| 7 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 grow | obl |
| 8 | near | near | ADP | _ | 10 ends | case |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 ends | nmod:poss |
| 10 | ends | end | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 plates | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 told | punct |
| 12 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 plates | acl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 work | mark |
| 14 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 told | xcomp |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 hormones | case |
| 16 | hormones | hormone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 work | obl |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 gland | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 gland | det |
| 19 | pea | pea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sized | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 pea | punct |
| 21 | sized | size | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 gland | amod |
| 22 | pituitary | pituitary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 gland | amod |
| 23 | gland | gland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 work | obl |
| 24 | under | under | ADP | _ | 26 brain | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 brain | det |
| 26 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gland | nmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 harden | punct |
| 28 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 harden | advmod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 plates | det |
| 30 | plates | plate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 harden | nsubj |
| 31 | harden | harden | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 stops | advcl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 teens | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 teens | det |
| 34 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 teens | amod |
| 35 | teens | teen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 harden | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 stops | punct |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 person | det |
| 38 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 stops | nsubj |
| 39 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 grow | conj |
| 40 | getting | get | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 stops | xcomp |
| 41 | taller | tall | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 getting | xcomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | Long bones | soft growth plates near bones's ends | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at plate=Location | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | participle | soft growth plates near bones's ends not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | work not said to happen | to-infinitive | soft growth plates near bones's ends not said here | the sized pituitary gland under the brain | by hormones | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | size | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | harden | present | the plates | the late teens | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | stop | present | a person | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | get | gerund | a person not said here | tall property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:071-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up/5/