Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up, sentence 7
Nails are made of keratin, like hair and rhino horn; the part you cut has no nerves, and fingernails grow about 3 millimetres a month while toenails grow only about 1 millimetre a month.
Who acts: you, part, fingernails, toenails · What happens: make, cut, have, grow · To what, where: Nails, part, nerves, 3 millimetres, 1 millimetre
This is a sentence of the lesson «Growing: teeth, height, hair, nails, from baby to grown-up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, part, fingernails, toenails), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nails | nail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 made | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 keratin | case |
| 5 | keratin | keratin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 horn | punct |
| 7 | like | like | ADP | _ | 11 horn | case |
| 8 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 horn | compound |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 rhino | cc |
| 10 | rhino | rhino | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hair | conj |
| 11 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 has | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 part | det |
| 14 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 has | nsubj |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 cut | nsubj |
| 16 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 part | acl:relcl |
| 17 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 nerves | det |
| 19 | nerves | nerve | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 has | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 grow | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 grow | cc |
| 22 | fingernails | fingernail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 grow | nsubj |
| 23 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | conj |
| 24 | about | about | ADV | _ | 25 3 | advmod |
| 25 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 millimetres | nummod |
| 26 | millimetres | millimetre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 grow | obj |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 month | det |
| 28 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 grow | obl:unmarked |
| 29 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 31 grow | mark |
| 30 | toenails | toenail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 grow | nsubj |
| 31 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 grow | advcl |
| 32 | only | only | ADV | _ | 34 1 | advmod |
| 33 | about | about | ADV | _ | 34 1 | advmod |
| 34 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 millimetre | nummod |
| 35 | millimetre | millimetre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 grow | obj |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 month | det |
| 37 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 grow | obl:unmarked |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | Nails | of keratin; like hair horn | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | cut | present | you | the part not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Product | ||||
| 3 | have | present | the part | no nerves | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nerve=Patient | ||||
| 4 | grow | present | fingernails | 3 millimetres | month | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location millimetre=Theme | |||
| 5 | grow | present | toenails | 1 millimetre | month | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location millimetre=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:071-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/71-growing-from-baby-to-grown-up/7/