Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise, sentence 14
Ultraviolet rays in sunlight damage skin cells and cause sunburn; sunscreen blocks much of it but must be put on again after swimming, and you can burn on a cloudy day, because most ultraviolet rays pass through thin cloud.
Who acts: Ultraviolet rays, sunscreen, you, most ultraviolet rays · What happens: damage, cause, block, put on, swim, burn · To what, where: skin cells, sunburn, much, thin cloud
This is a sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ultraviolet rays, sunscreen, you, most ultraviolet rays), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ultraviolet | ultraviolet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 rays | compound |
| 2 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 damage | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 sunlight | case |
| 4 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 rays | nmod |
| 5 | damage | damage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cells | compound |
| 7 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 damage | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 cause | cc |
| 9 | cause | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 damage | conj |
| 10 | sunburn | sunburn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cause | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 5 damage | punct |
| 12 | sunscreen | sunscreen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 blocks | nsubj |
| 13 | blocks | block | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 damage | parataxis |
| 14 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 blocks | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 it | case |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 much | nmod |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 put | cc |
| 18 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 put | aux |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 put | aux:pass |
| 20 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 blocks | conj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 put | compound:prt |
| 22 | again | again | ADV | _ | 20 put | advmod |
| 23 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 24 swimming | mark |
| 24 | swimming | swim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 put | advcl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 burn | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 burn | cc |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 29 burn | nsubj |
| 28 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 burn | aux |
| 29 | burn | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 put | conj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 day | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 day | det |
| 32 | cloudy | cloudy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 day | amod |
| 33 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 burn | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 pass | punct |
| 35 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 39 pass | mark |
| 36 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 38 rays | amod |
| 37 | ultraviolet | ultraviolet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 rays | amod |
| 38 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 pass | nsubj |
| 39 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 burn | advcl |
| 40 | through | through | ADP | _ | 42 cloud | case |
| 41 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 cloud | amod |
| 42 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 pass | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 damage | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | damage | present | Ultraviolet rays in sunlight | skin cells | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient | ||||
| 2 | cause | present | Ultraviolet rays in sunlight not said here | sunburn | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sunburn=Patient | ||||
| 3 | block | present | sunscreen | much of sunburn | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer much=Theme | ||||
| 4 | put on | must · passive | sunscreen not said here | again | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP» | ||||
| 5 | swim | gerund | sunscreen not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | burn | can | you | day | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | ||||
| 7 | pass | present | most ultraviolet rays | thin cloud | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through cloud=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/14/