Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise, sentence 6
A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless copy or piece of a germ, and memory cells then destroy the real germ fast; Edward Jenner made the first vaccine with cowpox in 1796, and vaccines helped wipe out smallpox by 1980.
Who acts: vaccine, memory cells, Edward, vaccines · What happens: show, destroy, make, help, wipe out, copy · To what, where: harmless copy, immune system, real germ, first vaccine, 1796, smallpox
This is a sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, memory cells, Edward, vaccines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 vaccine | det |
| 2 | vaccine | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 system | det |
| 5 | immune | immune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 system | compound |
| 6 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | iobj |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 copy | det |
| 8 | harmless | harmless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 copy | amod |
| 9 | copy | copy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | obj |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 piece | cc |
| 11 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 copy | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 germ | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 germ | det |
| 14 | germ | germ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 copy | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 destroy | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 destroy | cc |
| 17 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cells | compound |
| 18 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 destroy | nsubj |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 destroy | advmod |
| 20 | destroy | destroy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shows | conj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 germ | det |
| 22 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 germ | amod |
| 23 | germ | germ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 destroy | obj |
| 24 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 20 destroy | advmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 made | punct |
| 26 | Edward | Edward | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 made | nsubj |
| 27 | Jenner | Jenner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Edward | flat |
| 28 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shows | parataxis |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 vaccine | det |
| 30 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 31 vaccine | amod |
| 31 | vaccine | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 made | obj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 cowpox | case |
| 33 | cowpox | cowpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 vaccine | nmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 1796 | case |
| 35 | 1796 | 1796 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 made | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 helped | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 helped | cc |
| 38 | vaccines | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 helped | nsubj |
| 39 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 made | conj |
| 40 | wipe | wipe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 helped | xcomp |
| 41 | out | out | ADP | _ | 40 wipe | compound:prt |
| 42 | smallpox | smallpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 wipe | obj |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 1980 | case |
| 44 | 1980 | 1980 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 40 wipe | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a vaccine | a harmless copy of a germ or piece | the immune system | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent system=Recipient copy=Topic | |||
| 2 | destroy | present | memory cells | the real germ | then | fast property | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Patient | ||
| 3 | make | past | Edward | the first vaccine | 1796 | with cowpox | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Product | ||
| 4 | help | past | vaccines | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | wipe out | infinitive | vaccines not said here | smallpox | by 1980 | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent smallpox=Theme by 1980=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | copy | a germ | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/6/