Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 14
Charles Darwin sailed on HMS Beagle from 1831 to 1836 and gathered evidence for over 20 years before he published On the Origin of Species in 1859; Alfred Russel Wallace found the same idea on his own, and both were presented together in 1858.
Who acts: Charles, Alfred Russel · What happens: sail, gather, publish, find, present · To what, where: HMS Beagle, evidence, Origin, same idea, own, both
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, Alfred Russel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sailed | nsubj |
| 2 | Darwin | Darwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Charles | flat |
| 3 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 Beagle | case |
| 5 | HMS | HMS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Beagle | compound |
| 6 | Beagle | Beagle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sailed | obl |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 1831 | case |
| 8 | 1831 | 1831 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 sailed | obl |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 1836 | case |
| 10 | 1836 | 1836 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 1831 | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 gathered | cc |
| 12 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sailed | conj |
| 13 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gathered | obj |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 years | case |
| 15 | over | over | ADV | _ | 16 20 | advmod |
| 16 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 years | nummod |
| 17 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 gathered | obl |
| 18 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 20 published | mark |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 published | nsubj |
| 20 | published | publish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 gathered | advcl |
| 21 | On | on | ADP | _ | 23 Origin | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Origin | det |
| 23 | Origin | origin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 published | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Species | case |
| 25 | Species | species | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 Origin | nmod |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 1859 | case |
| 27 | 1859 | 1859 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 published | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 found | punct |
| 29 | Alfred | Alfred | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Russel | compound |
| 30 | Russel | Russel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 found | nsubj |
| 31 | Wallace | Wallace | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Russel | appos |
| 32 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sailed | parataxis |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 idea | det |
| 34 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 idea | amod |
| 35 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 found | obj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 own | case |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 own | nmod:poss |
| 38 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 found | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 presented | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 presented | cc |
| 41 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 43 presented | nsubj:pass |
| 42 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 presented | aux:pass |
| 43 | presented | present | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 found | conj |
| 44 | together | together | ADV | _ | 43 presented | advmod |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 1858 | case |
| 46 | 1858 | 1858 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 43 presented | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sailed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sail | past | Charles | HMS Beagle | from 1831 to 1836 | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent from 1831=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | gather | past | Charles not said here | evidence | year | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme | |||
| 3 | publish | past | Charles | the Origin of Species | in 1859 | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | find | past | Alfred Russel | the same idea | Russel's own | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Topic | |||
| 5 | present | past · passive | both | 1858 | together property | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/14/