Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 13
Mexican tetra fish trapped in dark caves evolved to lose their eyes and colour, because eyes are useless in darkness and cost energy; they feel movements with sensors along their sides.
Who acts: eyes · What happens: trap, evolve, lose, be, cost, feel · To what, where: Mexican tetra fish, dark caves, eyes, darkness, energy, movements
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mexican | Mexican | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 fish | amod |
| 2 | tetra | tetra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fish | compound |
| 3 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | trapped | trap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 fish | acl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 caves | case |
| 6 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 caves | amod |
| 7 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 trapped | obl |
| 8 | evolved | evolve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 caves | acl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 lose | mark |
| 10 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 evolved | xcomp |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 12 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lose | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 colour | cc |
| 14 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 eyes | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 useless | punct |
| 16 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 19 useless | mark |
| 17 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 useless | nsubj |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 useless | cop |
| 19 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 evolved | advcl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 darkness | case |
| 21 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 useless | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 cost | cc |
| 23 | cost | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 useless | conj |
| 24 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cost | obj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 feel | punct |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 feel | nsubj |
| 27 | feel | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 evolved | parataxis |
| 28 | movements | movement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 feel | obj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 sensors | case |
| 30 | sensors | sensor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 movements | nmod |
| 31 | along | along | ADP | _ | 33 sides | case |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 sides | nmod:poss |
| 33 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 sensors | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 evolved | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | trap | participle | Mexican tetra fish not said here | dark caves | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cave=Destination | ||||
| 2 | evolve | participle | dark caves not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | lose | to-infinitive | caves's eyes and colour | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | is | present | eyes | darkness | useless property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | cost | present | eyes not said here | energy | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme energy=Value | ||||
| 6 | feel | present | eyes = eye | movements | with sensors along eyes's sides | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent movement=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/13/