Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 12

Polar bears evolved from brown bears within the last few hundred thousand years; their fur is made of clear hairs and their skin is black.

Who acts: Polar bears, skin · What happens: evolve, make, be · To what, where: fur

This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 evolved	nsubj
3	evolved	evolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 made	parataxis
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 bears	case
5	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bears	amod
6	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 evolved	obl
7	within	within	ADP	_	13 years	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 years	det
9	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 years	amod
10	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 years	amod
11	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 thousand	compound
12	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 years	nummod
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 evolved	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 made	punct
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 fur	nmod:poss
16	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 made	nsubj:pass
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 made	aux:pass
18	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 hairs	case
20	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 hairs	amod
21	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 made	obl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 black	cc
23	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 skin	nmod:poss
24	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 black	nsubj
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 black	cop
26	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 made	conj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 evolved	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	evolve	past	Polar bears		year	from brown bears	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from bear=Patient
2	make	present · passive		bears's fur		of clear hairs	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
3	is	present	bears's skin			black property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/12/