Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 4
Babies get a mix of genes from both parents, and small new changes sometimes appear, so brothers and sisters differ; these differences are the raw material of evolution.
Who acts: Babies, small new changes, brothers, differences · What happens: get, appear, differ, be · To what, where: mix, raw material
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Babies, small new changes, brothers, differences), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 get | nsubj |
| 2 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 mix | det |
| 4 | mix | mix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 get | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 genes | case |
| 6 | genes | gene | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 mix | nmod |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 parents | case |
| 8 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 parents | det |
| 9 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 genes | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 appear | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 appear | cc |
| 12 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 changes | amod |
| 13 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 changes | amod |
| 14 | changes | change | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 appear | nsubj |
| 15 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 16 appear | advmod |
| 16 | appear | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 get | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 differ | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 differ | advmod |
| 19 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 differ | nsubj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 sisters | cc |
| 21 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 brothers | conj |
| 22 | differ | differ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 appear | parataxis |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 material | punct |
| 24 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 25 differences | det |
| 25 | differences | difference | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 material | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 material | cop |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 material | det |
| 28 | raw | raw | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 material | amod |
| 29 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 get | parataxis |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 evolution | case |
| 31 | evolution | evolution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 material | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 get | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present | Babies | a mix of genes from both parents | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mix=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | appear | present | small new changes | sometimes property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | differ | present | brothers and sisters | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | this differences | the raw material | of evolution | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/4/