Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 5

In England in the 1800s soot blackened tree trunks, birds ate more pale peppered moths, and dark moths became common; after clean air laws in the 1950s and 1960s pale moths became common again.

Who acts: soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths · What happens: blacken, eat, pepper, become · To what, where: tree trunks, England, pale peppered moths

This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 England	case
2	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 blackened	obl
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 1800s	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 1800s	det
5	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	7 blackened	obl
6	soot	soot	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 blackened	nsubj
7	blackened	blacken	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 trunks	compound
9	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 blackened	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ate	punct
11	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ate	nsubj
12	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 blackened	conj
13	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 pale	amod
14	pale	pale	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 moths	compound
15	peppered	pepper	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 moths	amod
16	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ate	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 became	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 moths	cc
19	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 moths	amod
20	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 became	nsubj
21	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 ate	conj
22	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 became	xcomp
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 became	punct
24	after	after	ADP	_	27 laws	case
25	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 laws	amod
26	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 laws	compound
27	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 became	obl
28	in	in	ADP	_	30 1950s	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 1950s	det
30	1950s	1950	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	27 laws	nmod
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 1960s	cc
32	1960s	1960s	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	30 1950s	conj
33	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 moths	amod
34	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 became	nsubj
35	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 blackened	conj
36	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 became	xcomp
37	again	again	ADV	_	35 became	advmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 blackened	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed form=decl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blacken	past	soot	tree trunks	England		in the 1800s	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient
2	eat	past	birds	pale peppered moths				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Patient
3	pepper	participle						vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
4	become	past	dark moths				common property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
5	become	past	pale moths			after clean air laws in the 1950s and 1960s; again	common property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/5/