Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 10

Megalodon was a huge shark from about 23 to 3.6 million years ago with teeth up to about 18 centimetres; its skeleton was cartilage, which rarely fossilises, so mostly teeth remain.

Who acts: Megalodon, skeleton, cartilage, teeth · What happens: be, fossilise, remain · To what, where: huge shark, cartilage

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Megalodon, skeleton, cartilage, teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Megalodon	Megalodon	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 shark	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 shark	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 shark	det
4	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 shark	amod
5	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 23	case
7	about	about	ADV	_	8 23	advmod
8	23	23	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 shark	appos
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 3.6	case
10	3.6	3.6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 23	nmod
11	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 years	nummod
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ago	obl:unmarked
13	ago	ago	ADV	_	8 23	advmod
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 teeth	case
15	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shark	nmod
16	up	up	ADV	_	20 centimetres	advmod
17	to	to	ADP	_	20 centimetres	case
18	about	about	ADV	_	19 18	advmod
19	18	18	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 centimetres	nummod
20	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 teeth	nmod
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 cartilage	punct
22	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 skeleton	nmod:poss
23	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 cartilage	nsubj
24	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 cartilage	cop
25	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shark	parataxis
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 fossilises	punct
27	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 fossilises	nsubj
28	rarely	rarely	ADV	_	29 fossilises	advmod
29	fossilises	fossilise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 cartilage	acl:relcl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 fossilises	punct
31	so	so	ADV	_	34 remain	advmod
32	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	34 remain	advmod
33	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 remain	nsubj
34	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 fossilises	ccomp
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 shark	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Megalodon	a huge shark	with teeth to 18 centimetres	tree rules
2	is a	past	shark's skeleton	cartilage		tree rules
3	fossilise	present	cartilage		rarely property	tree rules
4	remain	present	teeth		mostly property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/10/