Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 3
In films dinosaurs are cloned from blood in amber mosquitoes, and in cartoons cavemen ride dinosaurs; real fossils say no to both, because DNA breaks down far too fast and tens of millions of years separate dinosaurs from people.
Who acts: cavemen, real fossils, DNA, tens · What happens: clone, ride, say, break down, separate · To what, where: dinosaurs, films, cartoons, both · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cavemen, real fossils, DNA, tens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 films | case |
| 2 | films | film | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 cloned | obl |
| 3 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 cloned | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 cloned | aux:pass |
| 5 | cloned | clone | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 blood | case |
| 7 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cloned | obl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 mosquitoes | case |
| 9 | amber | amber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 mosquitoes | compound |
| 10 | mosquitoes | mosquito | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 cloned | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 ride | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 ride | cc |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 cartoons | case |
| 14 | cartoons | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ride | obl |
| 15 | cavemen | caveman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ride | nsubj |
| 16 | ride | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 cloned | conj |
| 17 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ride | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 say | punct |
| 19 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 fossils | amod |
| 20 | fossils | fossil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 say | nsubj |
| 21 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 ride | conj |
| 22 | no | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 21 say | ccomp |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 both | case |
| 24 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 say | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 breaks | punct |
| 26 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 28 breaks | mark |
| 27 | DNA | DNA | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 breaks | nsubj |
| 28 | breaks | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 say | advcl |
| 29 | down | down | ADP | _ | 28 breaks | compound:prt |
| 30 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 fast | advmod |
| 31 | too | too | ADV | _ | 32 fast | advmod |
| 32 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 breaks | advmod |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 separate | cc |
| 34 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 separate | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 millions | case |
| 36 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 tens | nmod |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 years | case |
| 38 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 millions | nmod |
| 39 | separate | separate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 breaks | conj |
| 40 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 separate | obj |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 people | case |
| 42 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 separate | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 cloned | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | clone | present · passive | dinosaurs | films | from blood; in amber mosquitoes | tree rules | |||
| 2 | ride | present | cavemen | dinosaurs | cartoons | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Theme | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | real fossils | both | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to both=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | break down | present | DNA | fast property | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | separate | present | tens of millions of years | dinosaurs | from people | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Patient from people=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/3/