Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 4
Ammonites were sea animals with coiled shells, related to octopuses and squid, that died out with the dinosaurs about 66 million years ago; fossil hunters keep away from cliff bottoms, where rocks fall, and check the tide times.
Who acts: Ammonites, octopuses, fossil hunters, rocks · What happens: be, die out, keep away, fall, check · To what, where: sea animals
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ammonites, octopuses, fossil hunters, rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ammonites | ammonite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 animals | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 animals | cop |
| 3 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 animals | compound |
| 4 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 shells | case |
| 6 | coiled | coiled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 shells | amod |
| 7 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 animals | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 related | punct |
| 9 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 shells | amod |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 octopuses | case |
| 11 | octopuses | octopus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 related | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 squid | cc |
| 13 | squid | squid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 octopuses | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 died | punct |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 died | nsubj |
| 16 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 octopuses | acl:relcl |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 16 died | compound:prt |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 dinosaurs | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 dinosaurs | det |
| 20 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 died | obl |
| 21 | about | about | ADV | _ | 23 million | advmod |
| 22 | 66 | 66 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 million | compound |
| 23 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 years | nummod |
| 24 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 16 died | advmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 keep | punct |
| 27 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 hunters | compound |
| 28 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 keep | nsubj |
| 29 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 animals | parataxis |
| 30 | away | away | ADV | _ | 29 keep | advmod |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 bottoms | case |
| 32 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 bottoms | compound |
| 33 | bottoms | bottom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 away | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 fall | punct |
| 35 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 37 fall | advmod |
| 36 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 fall | nsubj |
| 37 | fall | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 bottoms | acl:relcl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 check | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 check | cc |
| 40 | check | check | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 keep | conj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 times | det |
| 42 | tide | tide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 times | compound |
| 43 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 check | obl:unmarked |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 animals | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Ammonites | sea animals | with coiled shells | tree rules | |||
| 2 | die out | past | octopuses and squid | with the dinosaurs; ago property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | keep away | present | fossil hunters | away property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | fall | present | rocks | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | check | present | fossil hunters not said here | time | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/4/