Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 8

Amber is fossilised tree resin that can trap small insects; dinosaurs cannot be cloned from amber insects because DNA breaks down far too fast to last 66 million years.

Who acts: Amber, fossilised tree resin, DNA · What happens: fossilise, be, trap, not clone, break down, last · To what, where: fossilised tree resin, small insects, dinosaurs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Amber, fossilised tree resin, DNA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 resin	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 resin	cop
3	fossilised	fossilise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 resin	amod
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 resin	compound
5	resin	resin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 trap	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 trap	aux
8	trap	trap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 resin	acl:relcl
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 insects	amod
10	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 trap	obj
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 cloned	punct
12	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 cloned	nsubj:pass
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 cloned	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 cloned	advmod
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 cloned	aux:pass
16	cloned	clone	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 resin	parataxis
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 insects	case
18	amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 insects	compound
19	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 cloned	obl
20	because	because	SCONJ	ExtPos=ADP	22 breaks	mark
21	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 breaks	nsubj
22	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 cloned	advcl
23	down	down	ADV	_	22 breaks	advmod
24	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	26 fast	advmod
25	too	too	ADV	_	26 fast	advmod
26	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	22 breaks	advmod
27	to	to	PART	_	28 last	mark
28	last	last	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 fast	xcomp
29	66	66	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	30 million	compound
30	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	31 years	nummod
31	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 last	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 resin	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	fossilise	participle					tree rules
2	is a	present	Amber	fossilised tree resin			tree rules
3	trap	can	fossilised tree resin	small insects			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
4	not clone	can · passive		dinosaurs		from amber insects	tree rules
5	break down	present	DNA			down, fast property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	last	to-infinitive	DNA not said here		year		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/8/