Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived, sentence 2

Plant-eaters were not helpless: Stegosaurus had tail spikes, Triceratops horns and a frill, and Ankylosaurus armour down to its eyelids and a club that could break a leg bone.

Who acts: Plant eaters, Stegosaurus, club · What happens: not be, have, break · To what, where: tail spikes, leg bone

This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plant eaters, Stegosaurus, club), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eaters	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Plant	punct
3	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 helpless	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 helpless	cop
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 helpless	advmod
6	helpless	helpless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 had	punct
8	Stegosaurus	Stegosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 had	nsubj
9	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 helpless	parataxis
10	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 spikes	compound
11	spikes	spike	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 had	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 horns	punct
13	Triceratops	triceratops	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 horns	compound
14	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 spikes	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 frill	cc
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 frill	det
17	frill	frill	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 spikes	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 armour	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 armour	cc
20	Ankylosaurus	Ankylosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 armour	compound
21	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 helpless	conj
22	down	down	ADV	_	21 armour	advmod
23	to	to	ADP	_	25 eyelids	case
24	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 eyelids	nmod:poss
25	eyelids	eyelid	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 down	obl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 club	cc
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 club	det
28	club	club	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 eyelids	conj
29	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 break	nsubj
30	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 break	aux
31	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 club	acl:relcl
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 bone	det
33	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 bone	compound
34	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 break	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 helpless	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not is	past	Plant eaters		helpless property	tree rules
2	have	past	Stegosaurus	tail spikes and Triceratops horns and a frill		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spike=Patient
3	break	could	a club	a leg bone		vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/2/