The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 10
Bird legs and feet are covered in scales, like their dinosaur ancestors; owls and grouse also have feathers on their feet for warmth.
Who acts: owls · What happens: cover, have · To what, where: Bird legs, feathers, feet
This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (owls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 legs | compound |
| 2 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 feet | cc |
| 4 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 legs | conj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 covered | aux:pass |
| 6 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 scales | case |
| 8 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 covered | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 ancestors | punct |
| 10 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 ancestors | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 12 | dinosaur | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ancestors | compound |
| 13 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 scales | nmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 have | punct |
| 15 | owls | owl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 have | nsubj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 grouse | cc |
| 17 | grouse | grouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 owls | conj |
| 18 | also | also | ADV | _ | 19 have | advmod |
| 19 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 covered | parataxis |
| 20 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 have | obj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 feet | case |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 feet | nmod:poss |
| 23 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 feathers | nmod |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 warmth | case |
| 25 | warmth | warmth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 have | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | present · passive | Bird legs and feet | in scales like legs's dinosaur ancestors | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme | ||||
| 2 | have | present | owls and grouse | feathers | legs's feet | for warmth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/10/